DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS (DEW)

ECOCIDE
noun
destruction of the natural environment,
especially when deliberate.

DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS (DEW)

(Research & Development)

U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory

(Washington, D.C.)

The Official Story

UNITED STATES NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (NRL)
(Directed-Energy Weapon R&D)

The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. It was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory’s specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL’s research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.

Research

The Naval Research Laboratory conducts a wide variety of basic research and applied research relevant to the US Navy. NRL scientists and engineers author over 1200 openly published research papers in a wide range of conferences, symposia, and journals each year.

It has a history of scientific breakthroughs and technological achievements dating back to its foundation in 1923. In some instances the laboratory’s contributions to military technology have been declassified decades after those technologies have become widely adopted.

In 2011, NRL researchers published 1,398 unclassified scientific and technical articles, book chapters and conference proceedings. In 2008, the NRL was ranked No. 3 among all U.S. institutions holding nanotechnology-related patents, behind IBM and the University of California.

Current areas of research at NRL include, for example:

Advanced radio, optical and infrared sensors

Autonomous systems

Computer science, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence

Communications Technology (e.g., radio, networking, optical transmission)

Directed energy technology

Electronic electro-optical device technology

Electronic warfare

Enhanced maintainability, reliability and survivability technology

Environmental effects on naval systems

Human-robot interaction

Imaging research and systems

Information Security

Marine geosciences

Materials

Meteorology

Ocean acoustics

Oceanography

Plasma physics

Space systems and technology

Surveillance and sensor technology

Undersea technology

Space sciences

The Naval Research Laboratory has a long history of spacecraft development. This includes the second, fifth and seventh American satellites in Earth orbit, the first solar-powered satellite, the first surveillance satellite, the first meteorological satellite and the first GPS satellite. Project Vanguard, the first American satellite program, tasked NRL with the design, construction and launch of an artificial satellite, which was accomplished in 1958. As of 2013, Vanguard I and its upper launch stage are still in orbit, making them the longest-lived man-made satellites. Vanguard II was the first satellite to observe the Earth’s cloud cover and therefore the first meteorological satellite. NRL’s Galactic Radiation and Background I (GRAB I) was the first U.S. intelligence satellite, mapping out Soviet radar networks from space. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was invented at NRL and tested by NRL’s Timation series of satellites. The first operational GPS satellite, Timation IV (NTS-II) was designed and constructed at NRL.

NRL pioneered the study of the sun Ultraviolet and X-Ray spectrum and continues to contribute to the field with satellites like Coriolis launched in 2003. NRL is also responsible for the Tactical Satellite Program with spacecraft launched in 2006, 2009 and 2011.

The NRL designed the first satellite tracking system, Minitrack, which became the prototype for future satellite tracking networks. Prior to the success of surveillance satellites, the iconic parabolic antenna atop NRL’s main headquarters in Washington, D.C. was part of Communication Moon Relay, a project that utilized signals bounced off the Moon both for long-distance communications research and surveillance of internal Soviet transmissions during the Cold War.

NRL’s spacecraft development program continues today with the TacSat-4 experimental tactical reconnaissance and communication satellite. In addition to spacecraft design, NRL designs and operates spaceborne research instruments and experiments, such as the Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrumentation (SIRI) and RAM Angle and Magnetic field sensor (RAMS) aboard STPSat-5, the Wide- field Imager for Solar PRobe (WISPR) aboard the Parker Solar Probe, and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) [formerly called Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST)] was tested at NRL spacecraft testing facilities. NRL scientists have most recently contributed leading research to the study of novas and gamma ray bursts.

Source: Wikipedia